How do I choose a microphone?
Quick answer
Choose a microphone based on its intended use (vocal, instrument, or broadcast), polar pattern (cardioid for live sound, omnidirectional for studio ambience), and transducer type (dynamic for durability and high SPL, condenser for sensitivity and detail).
The first step is identifying your application. For live vocal performances, a dynamic cardioid microphone like the industry-standard Shure SM58 rejects background noise and handles high volume. For studio vocals or acoustic instruments, a large-diaphragm condenser microphone captures greater detail and transient response. For drums or guitar amps, a dynamic microphone with a tight polar pattern is ideal to isolate the source.
Consider the polar pattern: cardioid (heart-shaped) picks up sound from the front and rejects the rear, ideal for live sound to avoid feedback. Omnidirectional picks up equally from all directions, good for capturing room ambience or group vocals. Figure-8 picks up front and back, useful for stereo techniques or rejecting side noise.
Frequency response matters too. Some microphones have a presence boost (e.g., 3-5 kHz rise) to enhance clarity for vocals. Others are flat for accurate recording. Finally, check connectivity: XLR for professional systems, USB for direct computer recording. SSOUNDS recommends testing microphones with your specific voice or instrument before purchase.
Key things to consider
- Dynamic microphones are rugged and handle high SPL; condensers are more sensitive and detailed.
- Cardioid polar pattern is best for live sound to minimize feedback; omnidirectional for ambient recording.
- Frequency response: presence boost aids vocal intelligibility; flat response for accurate reproduction.
- Always use XLR for professional setups; USB for simple home recording.
- Test the microphone with your voice or instrument to ensure tonal compatibility.
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