What should I look for in a microphone?
Quick answer
Look for a microphone that matches your application (vocal, instrument, or broadcast), with a suitable polar pattern (cardioid for live sound, omnidirectional for studio ambience), frequency response tailored to your source, and robust build quality for your environment.
The most critical factor is the microphone's intended use. For live vocals, a dynamic microphone with a cardioid polar pattern (like an SM58-style) rejects background noise and handles high SPL. For studio recording, a condenser microphone offers greater sensitivity and detail, but requires phantom power and is more fragile. Instrument mics vary widely: small-diaphragm condensers for acoustic guitars, large-diaphragm condensers for vocals, and dynamic or ribbon mics for guitar amps.
Polar pattern determines how the mic picks up sound from different directions. Cardioid is best for isolating a single source in noisy environments. Omnidirectional captures sound equally from all sides, ideal for ambient recording or multiple speakers. Hypercardioid offers even tighter rejection but has a rear lobe. Frequency response should be tailored: a presence boost (around 5 kHz) helps vocals cut through a mix; flat response is better for accurate recording.
Build quality matters for longevity, especially on stage. Look for all-metal construction, a sturdy grille, and a reliable connector (XLR is standard). For wireless systems, check frequency agility and battery life. Accessories like shock mounts and pop filters reduce handling noise and plosives. Always test the mic with your specific voice or instrument before purchasing.
Key things to consider
- Match the mic type to your source: dynamic for live vocals, condenser for studio, ribbon for warm tones.
- Choose polar pattern based on environment: cardioid for isolation, omnidirectional for ambience.
- Check frequency response: presence boost for clarity, flat for accuracy.
- Prioritise build quality: metal body, sturdy grille, reliable XLR connector.
- Consider accessories: shock mount, pop filter, and wireless compatibility if needed.
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